Squash and Stretch
Apparently this is the most important or at least the most used. The purpose of this to give a sense of weight, movement and flexibility to drawn/created objects. It can be applied to many things ranging from lifeless and simple objects such as a bouncing ball, or to something more complex and alive like a human face/body or an animal. More often than not it is taken to the extreme to better portray what the artist is trying to show the audience or just for the comic value, this is mostly shown in cartoonish animations, be them 3D or 2D. However, in more realistic animation the most important aspect of this principle is to show that an object's volume does not change when squashed or stretched.
Anticipation
This principle is used to get the audience ready for action and in some cases make the action appear more realistic. For example, if a character/animal were to pounce\jump, they would bend their legs first (squash) before leaping (stretch) propelling themselves forward. It may also be used for less physical things like a character glancing off-screen to showcase another character's arrival or just focusing their attention on something they wish to move to or pick up. The action, like many others, can be over the top/unrealistic
Staging
This is
basically similar to what is known in film and theatre, the purpose of this is
to direct the audience’s attention to a certain thing, making it clear to them
what is the greatest importance in the scene; this can be with an action,
expression, atmosphere of the scene, background or personality of a character
or scene which can be done in a numerous of ways.
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